Makina oyendetsedwa ndi manambala (CNC) ndi njira yopangira yomwe mafakitale ambiri adaphatikiza muzopanga zawo.Izi ndichifukwa choti kugwiritsa ntchito makina a CNC kumatha kukulitsa kupanga.Zimalolanso kuti pakhale ntchito zambiri kuposa makina ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ndondomeko ya CNC kumasiyana, ndipo motero kumalowetsa, zofooka za makina opangira manja, zomwe zimafuna kuti wogwira ntchito kumunda azitsogolera ndikuwongolera malamulo a chida chopangira makina pogwiritsa ntchito levers, mabatani, ndi mawilo amanja.Kwa owonerera, dongosolo la CNC lingafanane ndi zigawo zanthawi zonse zamakompyuta.
Kodi makina a CNC amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Dongosolo la CNC likatsegulidwa, miyeso yofunikira yamakina imayikidwa mu pulogalamuyo ndikupatsidwa zida ndi makina ofananira, omwe amagwira ntchito zofananira, monga maloboti.
Mu CNC mapulogalamu, ma code jenereta mu kachitidwe digito nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti limagwirira ndi opanda cholakwa, ngakhale pali kuthekera kulakwitsa, amene ndi zotheka pamene CNC makina analangizidwa kudula mu mayendedwe angapo nthawi imodzi.Kuyika kwa zida mu CNC kumafotokozedwa ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimatchedwa part program.
Pogwiritsa ntchito makina a CNC, lowetsani pulogalamuyi kudzera pamakhadi a punch.Mosiyana ndi izi, mapulogalamu a zida zamakina a CNC amalowetsedwa mu kompyuta kudzera pa kiyibodi.Mapulogalamu a CNC amakhalabe pamtima pa kompyuta.Khodiyo yokha imalembedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi opanga mapulogalamu.Chifukwa chake, machitidwe a CNC amapereka luso lambiri la makompyuta.Chofunika kwambiri, makina a CNC sali okhazikika, monga momwe zowonjezera zowonjezera zingathe kuwonjezeredwa ku mapulogalamu omwe analipo kale posintha code.
CNC makina mapulogalamu
Pakupanga CNC, makina amayendetsedwa kudzera muulamuliro wa manambala, momwe pulogalamu yamapulogalamu imafotokozedwera kuwongolera zinthu.Chilankhulo chakumbuyo kwa makina a CNC, omwe amadziwikanso kuti G-code, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera machitidwe osiyanasiyana a makina ofananira, monga kuthamanga, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi kulumikizana.
Kwenikweni, makina a CNC amakonzeratu liwiro ndi momwe makina amagwirira ntchito ndikuwayendetsa kudzera pa mapulogalamu obwerezabwereza, odziwikiratu osalowererapo pang'ono kapena ayi.Pamakina a CNC, zojambula za 2D kapena 3D CAD zimatengedwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala ma code apakompyuta kuti aphedwe ndi dongosolo la CNC.Pambuyo polowa mu pulogalamuyi, woyendetsa amayesa-amayendetsa kuti atsimikizire kuti palibe zolakwika mu zolemba.
Chifukwa cha luso limeneli, ndondomekoyi yavomerezedwa m'makona onse a mafakitale opanga zinthu, ndi kupanga CNC kukhala kofunika kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo ndi mapulasitiki.Phunzirani zambiri za mtundu wamakina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe makina a CNC amatha kupanga makina a CNC pansipa:
Open/Closed Loop Machining Systems
Popanga CNC, kuwongolera malo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yotseguka kapena yotsekedwa.Kwa oyamba, chizindikirocho chimayenda mbali imodzi pakati pa CNC ndi mota.Mu dongosolo lotsekedwa, wolamulira amatha kulandira ndemanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonza zolakwika kukhala kotheka.Chifukwa chake, dongosolo lotsekeka lotsekeka limatha kukonza zolakwika za liwiro ndi malo.
Mu makina a CNC, kusuntha nthawi zambiri kumalunjika ku X ndi Y nkhwangwa.Kenako, chidacho chimayikidwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi stepper kapena servo motors zomwe zimatengera kusuntha komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi G-code.Ngati mphamvu ndi liwiro ndizochepa, njirayi ikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi kuwongolera kotseguka.Kwa china chilichonse, kuwongolera kotseka kwa liwiro, kusasinthika, komanso kulondola komwe kumafunikira popanga kupanga, monga zinthu zachitsulo, ndikofunikira.
CNC Machining ndi basi kwathunthu
M'maprotocol amasiku ano a CNC, kupanga magawo kudzera pa pulogalamu yokonzedweratu nthawi zambiri kumakhala makina.Gwiritsani ntchito mapulogalamu a computer-aid design (CAD) kuti muyike kukula kwa gawo lomwe mwapatsidwa, kenako gwiritsani ntchito pulogalamu yopangira makompyuta (CAM) kuti musinthe kukhala chinthu chomaliza.
Chidutswa chilichonse chopatsidwa chingafune zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina, monga zobowolera ndi zodulira.Kuti akwaniritse zosowazi, makina ambiri amakono amaphatikiza ntchito zingapo zosiyanasiyana kukhala gawo limodzi.
Kapenanso, chipangizochi chingakhale ndi makina angapo ndi maloboti omwe amasuntha mbali kuchokera ku pulogalamu ina kupita ku ina, koma zonse zimayendetsedwa ndi pulogalamu yomweyo.Mosasamala za kukhazikitsidwa, makina a CNC amathandizira kukhazikika kwa magawo omwe amavuta ndi makina amanja.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina a CNC
Makina oyambilira a CNC adayambira m'ma 1940, pomwe ma mota amagetsi adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera zida zomwe zidalipo kale.Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, njirazi zidakulitsidwa ndi analogi ndipo pamapeto pake makompyuta a digito, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti makina a CNC achuluke.
CNC makina mphero
Makina opangira ma CNC amatha kuyendetsa mapulogalamu okhala ndi manambala ndi zilembo za zilembo zomwe zimawongolera chogwirira ntchito pamatali osiyanasiyana.Kukonzekera kwa makina ophera kumatha kutengera G-code kapena chilankhulo china chapadera chopangidwa ndi gulu lopanga.Makina oyambira mphero amakhala ndi ma axis atatu (X, Y, ndi Z), koma mphero zambiri zimakhala ndi nkhwangwa zitatu.
Lathe
Mothandizidwa ndi luso CNC, lathe akhoza kudula ndi mwatsatanetsatane mkulu ndi liwiro.CNC lathes ntchito Machining zovuta kuti n'zovuta kukwaniritsa pa Mabaibulo wabwinobwino makina.Ambiri, ntchito ulamuliro wa CNC makina mphero ndi lathes ofanana.Monga makina a CNC mphero, lathes amathanso kuyendetsedwa ndi g-code control kapena code ina ya lathe.Komabe, ma lathe ambiri a CNC amakhala ndi nkhwangwa ziwiri - X ndi Z.
Popeza makina CNC akhoza kukhazikitsa zida zina zambiri ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, mukhoza kukhulupirira izo kutulutsa pafupifupi zopanda malire zosiyanasiyana katundu mwamsanga ndi molondola.Mwachitsanzo, pamene mabala ovuta ayenera kupangidwa pa workpiece pa misinkhu yosiyanasiyana ndi ngodya, izo zikhoza kuchitika mu mphindi pa CNC makina.
Malingana ngati makinawo adakonzedwa ndi code yolondola, makina a cnc amatsatira ndondomeko zomwe pulogalamuyo imalangizidwa.Kungoganiza kuti chilichonse chimakonzedwa molingana ndi mapulaniwo, ntchitoyi ikamalizidwa, padzakhala chinthu chokhala ndi tsatanetsatane komanso mtengo waukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-25-2022